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A spider mite infestation is a nightmare for many gardeners. We show how to recognize the damage and how to fight the annoying spider mites naturally and with home remedies.
Any hobby gardener who has had an unwanted visit from spider mites knows how stubborn these little arachnids can be. Whether roses (Rosa), fruit trees, the oleander (Nerium oleander) in the garden or orchids (Orchidaceae), ficus (Ficus benjamina) or the citrus tree (Citrus) on the windowsill - spider mites can affect a variety of plants. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) and other vegetables cultivated in the greenhouse are a popular target for the small mites . If the spider mites only appear in small numbers, they usually go unnoticed. In dry and warm or hot weather, however, the number of spider mites increases rapidly and the animals quickly become a real problem.
Detecting spider mites
Spider mites (Tetranychidae) are arachnids and therefore have eight legs. The rear two pairs of legs are rather inconspicuous, whereas the front ones are used more and are clearly visible. Externally, the mites can differ greatly. The color spectrum of the adult animals ranges from yellow to green to red, which is where the common name "red spider" comes from. In Germany, the common spider mite (Tetrnychus urticae) and the fruit tree spider mite (Panonychus ulmi) are known to be the most common spider mites that damage plants. At well under a millimeter, the tiny animals are so small that they are difficult to see with the naked eye. Only when the infestation is advanced can small webs of mites be seen on leaf stalks or branches. With the help of a magnifying glass, the small spider mites can be seen on these webs. An infestation by spider mites can be noticed above all on the webs and the damage caused by the spider mites.
Tip: By spraying the plant with water using an atomizer, the webs become more visible because small droplets stick to them.
Spider mite damage
Other than aphids, which onespierce the ducts, the spider mites suck out only individual leaf cells, resulting in characteristic punctiform brightening. The brightening on leaves or flowers spreads with ongoing infestation. This can result in deformed shoot tips or infested parts of the plant drying out. In addition, webs with a large number of the small spider mites can be seen.
Control of spider mites
Even if spider mites are very small and don't actually look particularly resilient: These animals are very stubborn! The spider mites not only weaken the plant and make it look extremely unsightly, but can also transmit plant viruses. In addition, it is possible for them to affect a large number of different plants, which allows for rapid spread. It is therefore particularly important to detect an infestation early and to take immediate control measures to prevent the spread of this pest.
The first step in identifying an infestation should be to isolate the plant, if possible. In this way you can avoid encroaching on neighboring plants.
Fighting spider mites naturally
We advise against the use of synthetic pesticides, especially in the house garden or in living rooms, as these usually have a high potential for damage to beneficial insects in the garden. In addition, spider mites are resistant to some synthetic active ingredients or the use of the agents is not recommended so as not to promote resistance. Biological preparations are commercially available, many of which, however, do not have a systemic effect. Multiple applications are therefore required, which can be bad for both the environment and the plant. Some pesticides contain active ingredients from the pyrethrin group, which are of plant origin but can harm beneficial insects in your garden. We therefore recommend that you avoid using these products as well. Biological agents based on pure rapeseed oil are environmentally friendly, but require thorough and repeated treatment. Preparations based on potash soap are also environmentally friendly, but repeated treatment is also necessary here.
Summary: How to get rid of spider mites naturally
- If possible, isolate the affected plant to prevent spread.
- Due to resistance, synthetic agents only have a limited effect and are harmful to the environment.
- Biological preparations based on rapeseed oil or potash soap are effective, but require repeated use.
Fighting spider mites with home remedies
Home remedies against spider mites can only be used to a very limited extent. If it is an outdoor plant, you should remove particularly heavily infested shoot tips or plant parts from plants that tolerate pruning. Since spider mites do not like moisture, a slight infestation can be achieved by rinsing the entire plant with a garden hose or in the shower every day.
Another home remedy for spider mites is to put a plastic bag over affected houseplants to increase humidity. However, the air underneath can heat up so much that the affected plant can also be seriously damaged. We therefore advise you to only leave the plastic bag over the plant for four days and, after a two-day break, put the bag over the plant again for four days. You can also move an infested houseplant outside when it rains in summer.
Finally, using a water-oil emulsion with rapeseed oil promises to fight spider mites. For this purpose, 70 milliliters of water are mixed with 30 milliliters of oil and whipped vigorously so that a white emulsion is formed. This is then applied to the whole plant, including the underside of the leaves. But beware: During the process, shake the squeeze bottle again and again so that the components do not separate. Unfortunately, many plants do not tolerate treatment with rapeseed oil very well, as it loosens the protective cuticle of the leaves. It is therefore better to only use rapeseed oil as a remedy against spider mites in the evening when the sun is not shining so strongly. Repeat the application a maximum of three times in order not to weaken the plant too much.
If this measure does not show an effect within a week, you should use a biological pesticide.
Summary: Home remedies for spider mites
- Isolate affected plants if possible
- Remove affected plant parts as far as possible
- Flush affected plants with water daily
- Place a plastic bag over the infested plant to increase the humidity underneath
- Put indoor plants in the rain in summer
- Spray mixture made from 70% water and 30% rapeseed oilproduce; so treat plants a maximum of three times
Fighting spider mites with beneficial insects
In the case of an infestation by spider mites, beneficial insects can also be used. Predatory mites such as Phytoseiulus persimilis or gall midges such as Feltiella acarisuga can help you keep the pests under control. The use of predatory mites makes sense above all in the greenhouse and in the house, where spider mites ultimately cause the greatest damage. There the beneficial insect cannot migrate so quickly and even if the name "predatory mite" seems dangerous, the animals are not dangerous for humans. Outdoors, it makes more sense to encourage naturally occurring predatory mites through a natural garden design. While you specifically use beneficial insects against spider mites, you should not use any pesticides, as these could harm the beneficial insects.
Prevent spider mites
Spider mites can be resistant to some pesticides, which makes preventive measures particularly interesting. In the garden, the risk of spider mite infestation is particularly high in dry weather and hot temperatures, because the little animals prefer this weather. You can prevent spider mites as follows:
- Beneficial like gall midges can now help you keep the pests in check. Natural flower beds with blooming herbs such as chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) attract gall midges and other beneficial insects. A blooming meadow or tub with beneficial insect-promoting flowering plants can be easily created with special mixtures such as our Plantura beneficial insect magnet. We also recommend that you take plant protection measures that are gentle on beneficial insects in the event of a pest infestation, so as not to harm your little helpers.
- If the nitrogen fertilization is too high your plants are particularly susceptible to spider mites. We therefore recommend restrained nitrogen doses and organic fertilizers. With our Plantura organic fertilizers, you can supply your plants with the nutrients they need without making them susceptible to pests.
- You can avoid a heavy infestation in greenhouses by influencing the temperature and humidity. You should make sure that the humidity does not drop too much and the temperature must not rise too high. Spider mites develop extremely quickly at around 30 °C and air that is as dry as possible.
- In the house andSpider mites are also becoming a problem during the winter season: you should be particularly careful when bringing potted plants indoors to overwinter. Examine the plants to be overwintered meticulously for spider mites. Spider mites can multiply optimally in the winter when there is dry, warm heating air in the apartment.
You can find out how you can use predatory mites against spider mites or thrips in a targeted manner in our special article.